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French Researchers Examine 18th Century Color Photographs

It is accepted that early photography was a difficult path for an enthusiast to take. Cameras were bulky and heavy. The person who took photos had to be a virtual specialist chemist. It is so different from the ease of trapping a moment in the present. A pioneer in this field was Ducos du Haurun a brilliant Frenchman. He took color photographs. Three different colored filters were used to capture negative shots developed on gelatin film. The yellow, red and blue layers were then assembled to produce a single print. Over time, Ducos du Hauron introduced practises to speed up the process. French investigators have analyzed some of the 18th century pictures. They used x-ray florescent spectroscopy, synchrotron-based infrared (IR) spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy to determine the chemicals used as pigments for the different colors. Photographs taken in 1878 showed that Prussian blue was the ingredient used for the blue gelatin layer. Carmine lake was the foundation pigmen

Human Evolution Created Seemingly Unnecessary Traits

It is odd really why Mankind has evolved differences in humans when the "sports" appear not to be absolutely necessary. Caucasians do not need the complex narrow nasal system to survive in very cold conditions such as ice ages. Black people live happily in Alaska when their facial structure is designed to breath in the thin air of a hot climate, again not really needed. Black skin is good protection from the damaging rays of the sun. However, mainly white older adults die of skin cancer in Australia not younger people in the prime of species reproduction. Unless those under 20 years of age actually die from a particular trait there is no need to change to a new variant. It must be noted that until a hundred years ago most had children when they were under 20. Some things such as dimples do not serve any purpose. They continue in some by genetic inheritance. This is a dominant feature and parents pass it on to their children. Earlobe attachment is spread across the

Australian Government Fails To Introduce an Obesity Program

Australia is one of the fattest countries on the planet. Now, 60 percent of people are overweight. By 2025 it will increase to four out of five Aussies. The government does not care. There is no federally funded organized program to combat this. The closest the government has come is the Health Star rating system on product labeling and the Food Partnership to inform about healthy eating. There are problem with these strategies: Pepsico, Coca-Cola, Kelloggs and Nestle helped set the policies. Groups pushing for action said that the food industry should not be on the committee : consumption goods producers should be directed to change according to rational directives. Health Star is not mandatory: this was decided by big company muscle. What many want is a sugar tax. Obviously, sugary product manufacturers do not want this. They already donate millions to lobby their case with political parties. The Beverage Council is the major lobbyist against a tax on sugar. While parties ar

Homelessness is the Future for Newstart Welfare Recipients - Society

Australians on welfare cannot afford to pay rent even with the $67 weekly subsidy. They get a job which is usually part-time, but they find that they are no better off. Fuel for their car, if they have one, or transport costs are at least $100 a week. With Centrelink now docking payments when recipients do the slightest thing wrong in their job applications, they are being pushed onto the streets. The number of homeless is going through the roof. It is rising at an alarming rate. Not only single people are affected. Parents with large families are in hardship as well. Of more than 65,000 houses surveyed just 10 could be secured by those on Newstart. Homes are available; though they can be taken only by renters on a good income. Buying a place to live will never be possible for low-income citizens. It is out of the question for all of them. Indeed, many families who successfully rent are having to make do with one and two bedroom residences. They need help now. Rents have

Plans to Produce Electric Cars in Australia - Engineering

Yes, we know that electric battery cars cost as much to run as petrol ones, but demand is increasing. An Australian company is planning to make the little beasties. The number of quiet cars purchased increases by 40 percent every year. Australasia has had a slow uptake, favoring combustion engine powered motors. ACE Electric Vehicles (formerly GetGreen) intends to alter that. The business began by producing solar farm equipment. It is based in regional Queensland. The firm has patented its manufacturing process. Production will start later in 2018. To suit the Australian market a ute (Yewt) is the going to be the first model offered. This will be followed by a van aimed at commercial operators. They will be basic products selling for less than $40,000. The power train will give 40 kilowatt per hour with a range  of 350 kilometers. While it will be ticketed as an item of Australia, only assembly will be done here. Manufacture of components will be in China. The long term goal i

The Buzz is that an Alien UFO Accompanied the Moon Landing

They are out there! Well they could be according to an astronaut. In 1969 Buzz Aldrin claimed he saw a UFO on his journey to the moon. He was adamant and passed a lie-detector test. Furthermore, three of his companions on the trip who made the same claim also passed close scrutiny. Cross examinations on the sightings of the L-shaped craft were done by the Institute of BioAcoustic Biology. There were differences in what was actually seen. Gordon Cooper said he saw a cluster of objects, while the others only observed one. Voice pattern tests showed all were telling the truth about what they saw. Buzz Aldrin believes that there is life on some planets in the Milky Way galaxy. Whether there are alien civilizations close to us is another question. The astronaut is not bothered by the "vehicle" that followed his moon-landing craft. He has his beliefs and that is that. The famous astronaut is pushing hard for his exploration plans to be adopted by NASA. He is working w

Gold Nanoparticle Optical Disks Have Half Millennium Storage

Despite all the technological achievements there is no real practical way to store data for the posterity of the human race. All the methods we have break down over time.  New optical disks that use gold particles may be the answer. They have a 10TB capacity and it is claimed that they will last six centuries. The disks can be mass produced. Currently, standard disks used by data centers hold 2TB of data and last only two years. If the new technology is for real it will be a huge step forward. The best disks all optical, we have to date last for a maximum of 50 years and they have not been put into service because of high cost. Australian and Chinese researchers say there is still a long way to go before the gold particle strategy is fully developed. Gold nanomaterials are combined with hybrid glass which produces a structure with great strength. Data can be stored across the whole spectrum of visible light rays. There is a trade off :  increasing the storage level reduce